Difference between revisions of "Building DMD"

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If you're looking for a stable version of D, you probably want to download the [http://dlang.org/download.html official releases]. This page is for those who want to try out D on platforms that aren't yet officially supported, those who are adventurous and wish to try out the latest development (unstable!) version of D, and developers who wish to contribute to D development.
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#REDIRECT [[Starting as a Contributor#Building from source]]
 
 
==Getting the sources==
 
 
 
===Official releases===
 
 
 
The official release of DMD is available from the [http://dlang.org/download.html official download page].
 
 
 
===Latest git===
 
 
 
This is for those who want to test or contribute to the development version of D. The latest source code for the D compiler, runtime library, and standard library are available on [https://github.com/D-Programming-Language GitHub]. To build a working D compiler toolchain, you will need to checkout at least dmd, druntime, and phobos.
 
 
 
==Source code structure==
 
 
 
The D source code assumes a particular directory structure, which you probably would want to adopt so that you don't have to fiddle with the Makefiles all the time.
 
 
 
===Posix===
 
 
 
For Posix, it is assumed that you will have a common root directory where the compiler and library sources will sit under. For example, you can choose the common root directory to be /usr/src/d, then you can checkout the sources under this directory:
 
 
 
<syntaxhighlight lang=bash>
 
mkdir /usr/src/d
 
cd /usr/src/d
 
git clone git://github.com/D-Programming-Language/dmd.git
 
git clone git://github.com/D-Programming-Language/druntime.git
 
git clone git://github.com/D-Programming-Language/phobos.git
 
</syntaxhighlight>
 
 
 
Optionally, if you want some related tools, you can also checkout tools.git:
 
 
 
<syntaxhighlight lang=bash>
 
git clone git://github.com/D-Programming-Language/tools.git
 
</syntaxhighlight>
 
 
 
 
 
'''Note:''' if you're planning to submit [[Pull Requests|pull requests]], you should replace the above URLs with the URLs for your ''fork'' of the official sources, not the official sources themselves.
 
 
 
You should end up with this directory structure:
 
 
 
<pre>
 
/usr/src/d/
 
/usr/src/d/dmd
 
/usr/src/d/druntime
 
/usr/src/d/phobos
 
(/usr/src/d/tools)
 
</pre>
 
 
 
===Windows===
 
 
 
For windows, you can follow the first posix steps regarding checking out files from github.
 
 
 
You can checkout the sources wherever you like. If we call {{code|%DM_HOME%}} the root path, the it is ''recommended'' to have this structure:
 
 
 
<pre>
 
%DM_HOME%\dmd2\src
 
%DM_HOME%\dmd2\src\dmd
 
%DM_HOME%\dmd2\src\druntime
 
%DM_HOME%\dmd2\src\phobos
 
</pre>
 
 
 
Additionally, you should extract the digital mars compiler inside {{code|%DM_HOME%}}, alongside {{code|dmd2}}. You should finally create a {{code|windows directory with a {{code|bin}} and {{code|lib}} directory inside it. Your final structure should look like this:
 
 
 
<pre>
 
%DM_HOME%\dm
 
%DM_HOME%\dmd2\src
 
%DM_HOME%\dmd2\src\dmd
 
%DM_HOME%\dmd2\src\druntime
 
%DM_HOME%\dmd2\src\phobos
 
%DM_HOME%\dmd2\windows
 
%DM_HOME%\dmd2\windows\bin
 
%DM_HOME%\dmd2\windows\lib
 
</pre>
 
 
 
==Building the sources==
 
 
 
===Posix===
 
 
 
See also [https://xtzgzorex.wordpress.com/2011/07/31/d-building-dmd-and-phobos-on-linux/ Alex Rønne Petersen's blog post on building DMD]
 
 
 
Assuming your sources are checked out in {{code|/usr/src/d}}, you can do the following to build them:
 
 
 
<syntaxhighlight lang=bash>
 
cd /usr/src/d/dmd/src
 
make -f posix.mak
 
cd ../../druntime
 
make -f posix.mak DMD=../dmd/src/dmd
 
cd ../phobos
 
make -f posix.mak DMD=../dmd/src/dmd
 
</syntaxhighlight>
 
 
 
Note that the compiler, runtime library, and standard library have to be built in that order, as each depends on the previous one.  The addition of the build option  DMD=../dmd/src/dmd ensures that your newly-built dmd is being used to build druntime and phobos.
 
 
 
If you're using a 64-bit platform, you may want to append {{code|MODEL&#x3d;64}} to your make commands, as the default makefiles will build for 32-bit:
 
 
 
<syntaxhighlight lang=bash>
 
cd /usr/src/d/dmd/src
 
make -f posix.mak MODEL=64
 
cd ../../druntime
 
make -f posix.mak MODEL=64 DMD=../dmd/src/dmd
 
cd ../phobos
 
make -f posix.mak MODEL=64 DMD=../dmd/src/dmd
 
</syntaxhighlight>
 
 
 
Parallel make can drastically speed up compilation times. The {{code|-j<integer>}} option allows you to specify the number of job slots. Number_of_cores + 1 is a often a good choice E.g.:
 
 
 
<syntaxhighlight lang=bash>
 
make -f posix.mak -j5
 
</syntaxhighlight>
 
 
 
for a machine with 4 cores.
 
 
 
After building, you should have a working D compiler in {{code|/usr/src/d/dmd/src/dmd}}. You may need to edit {{code|dmd.conf}} so that the compiler can find druntime and phobos. You {{code|dmd.conf}} should contain:
 
 
 
<pre>
 
[Environment]
 
 
 
DFLAGS=-I/path/to/src/phobos -I/path/to/src/druntime/import -L-L/path/to/libs -L--no-warn-search-mismatch -L--export-dynamic
 
</pre>
 
 
 
Where the first two flags ({{code|-I}}) must be followed by the path to {{code|src/phobos}} et {{code|src/druntime/import}}. The {{code|-L-L}} flag must be followed by the path to {{code|libphobos.a}} (for example: {{code|-L-L/usr/local/lib/lib64}}).
 
 
 
You should probably also run the unittests to make sure your build is working correctly:
 
 
 
<syntaxhighlight lang=bash>
 
cd ../druntime
 
make -f posix.mak -j5 unittest
 
cd ../phobos
 
make -f posix.mak -j5 unittest
 
</syntaxhighlight>
 
 
 
(Running the unittests with {{code|-j}} is recommended if you have a multicore CPU, as some of them may take a while to run.)
 
 
 
====Installation====
 
{{code|posix.mak}} does not come with an install option (user supplied sample install script here: [[Attachment:posix-make-install-dmd.sh]]), but you can copy files manually to an appropriate location such as {{code|/usr/local}} or {{code|/opt/dmd}}.  For example:
 
 
 
<syntaxhighlight lang=bash>
 
cd /usr/src/d/dmd/src
 
mkdir /opt/dmd
 
mkdir /opt/dmd/bin
 
cp dmd /opt/dmd/bin
 
 
 
cd ../../druntime
 
mkdir /opt/dmd/include
 
mkdir /opt/dmd/include/d2
 
cp -r import/* /opt/dmd/include/d2
 
 
 
cd ../phobos
 
mkdir /opt/dmd/lib
 
cp generated/linux/release/64/libphobos2.a /opt/dmd/lib    # for 64-bit version
 
cp generated/linux/release/32/libphobos2.a /opt/dmd/lib    # for 32-bit version
 
cp -r std /opt/dmd/include/d2
 
cp -r etc /opt/dmd/include/d2
 
</syntaxhighlight>
 
 
 
Then, create the following {{code|dmd.conf}} in the {{code|/opt/dmd/bin}} directory:
 
 
 
<syntaxhighlight lang=bash>
 
[Environment]
 
DFLAGS=-I/opt/dmd/include/d2 -L-L/opt/dmd/lib -L--no-warn-search-mismatch -L--export-dynamic
 
</syntaxhighlight>
 
 
 
Note that you will have to add {{code|/opt/dmd/bin}} to your {{code|PATH}} to make use of your newly installed DMD.
 
 
 
'''Uninstallation''' is then as simple as removing the {{code|/opt/dmd}} directory.
 
 
 
===Windows===
 
The following instructions work for win32. May or may not work with win64. This scheme is a suggestion.
 
 
 
Assuming your sources are checked out {{code|C:\D}}, and that {{code|make}} from digital mars is in your path, you can do the following to build them:
 
 
 
<syntaxhighlight lang=dos>
 
set DM_HOME=C:\D
 
cd %DM_HOME%\dmd2\src\dmd\src
 
make -fwin32.mak -release
 
</syntaxhighlight>
 
 
 
From there, it is suggested to move the built binaries into your {{code|%DM_HOME%\windows\bin}} directory, and add that to your path:
 
<syntaxhighlight lang=dos>
 
copy *.exe %DM_HOME%\dmd2\windows\bin
 
set path=%path%;%DM_HOME%\dmd2\windows\bin
 
</syntaxhighlight>
 
 
 
From there, you have to create a {{code|sc.ini}} in your {{code|DMD.exe}} directory. It is suggested to just copy paste the one provided in the packaged {{Latest DMD Version}}, instead of writing your own.
 
 
 
Now build druntime:
 
<syntaxhighlight lang=dos>
 
cd %DM_HOME%\dmd2\src\druntime
 
make -fwin32.mak
 
</syntaxhighlight>
 
 
 
And phobos:
 
<syntaxhighlight lang=dos>
 
cd %DM_HOME%\dmd2\src\phobos
 
make -fwin32.mak
 
</syntaxhighlight>
 
 
 
You should copy the phobos lib into your {{code|windows\lib}} folder:
 
<syntaxhighlight lang=dos>
 
copy phobos.lib %DM_HOME%\dmd2\windows\lib
 
</syntaxhighlight>
 
 
 
Optionally, you can build rdmd from source if you have checked out {{code|tools}} in your sources:
 
<syntaxhighlight lang=dos>
 
cd %DM_HOME%\dmd2\src\tools
 
make -fwin32.mak rdmd.exe
 
copy *.exe %DM_HOME%\dmd2\windows\bin
 
</syntaxhighlight>
 
 
 
The last step is getting the additional libs. curl for D2 can be found at the bottom of the download section of dlang.org: [[http://dlang.org/download.html download]].
 
 
 
Additional libs that are necessary can simply be copy pasted from the {{Latest DMD Version}} package (without overwriting your {{code|phobos.lib}})
 
 
 
The very last step is to verify that everything works by unittesting phobos:
 
 
 
<syntaxhighlight lang=dos>
 
cd %DM_HOME%\dmd2\src\phobos
 
make -fwin32.mak unittest
 
</syntaxhighlight>
 
 
 
===Common Windows issues===
 
 
 
If when building druntime you get errors about missing MASM386, it's due to a required assembling of a file called '''minit.asm'''. However the druntime repository includes a prebuilt minit.obj file so you shouldn't need to assemble it again. As a workaround for the make error create an empty '''masm386.bat''' file and put it in a directory that's in your '''PATH'''.
 
 
 
==Additional Tools==
 
 
 
If you cloned {{code|D-Programming-Language/tools.git}}, you also have a {{code|tools}} folder where small helping programs live. There is no need to build them, you can just compile them using DMD:
 
 
 
<syntaxhighlight lang=dos>
 
dmd rdmd.d;
 
dmd ddemangle.d;
 
dmd dtab;
 
dmd tolf;
 
</syntaxhighlight>
 
 
 
{{code|rdmd}} builds your D modules automatically, from the one containing {{code|main}}. It'll deduce dependencies and compile/link them for you.
 
{{code|ddemangle}} will demangle its input, replacing all mangled D symbols with their unmangled form.
 
{{code|dtab}} transforms tabs into spaces in source code.
 
{{code|tolf}} replaces line endings with LF.
 
 
 
Using {{code|dtab}} and {{code|tolf}} is a good idea if you want to contribute to the D-Programming-Language repos.
 
 
 
==Running the test suite==
 
 
 
Naturally if you are hacking on the dmd compiler, you'll want to run the test suite to ensure that you haven't broken anything.
 
 
 
Since it wasn't obvious how to run the test suite, or why it failed the first couple of times, I'll add notes here on how to build on Linux/x86_64. If you are not on Linux and not on 64-bit, then you'll simply have to adjust the lines below. I wanted to be specific to avoid confusion.
 
 
 
===How to run the test suite in '''dmd/test''' ===
 
 
 
Location: If dmd/src/ is your source directory (that contains mars.c, impcnvgen.c, dmd_msc.vcproj, posix.mak, etc) then '''dmd/test''' is the test suite directory.
 
 
 
Before running: a freshly built dmd at dmd/src/dmd  does not have a dmd.conf file. You'll need to make dmd/src/dmd.conf file in order to run the tests.
 
 
 
To run the tests:
 
 
 
<syntaxhighlight lang=dos>
 
cd dmd/test
 
make MODEL=64
 
</syntaxhighlight>
 
 
 
===Common problems and their solutions===
 
 
 
a) common error number one: lack of correct dmd.conf, and dmd.conf must point to the installed include files.
 
 
 
If you do not have a dmd.conf in place, you will get error:
 
<syntaxhighlight lang=dos>
 
Error: cannot find source code for runtime library file 'object.d'
 
      dmd might not be correctly installed. Run 'dmd -man' for installation instructions.
 
Specify path to file 'object.d' with -I switch
 
</syntaxhighlight>
 
 
 
See the installation section above.
 
 
 
b) common error number two: If you just say 'make' without adding the MODEL designation, you will get the default 32-bit tests on your 64-bit platform. You have to say 'make MODEL=64' in the src/dmd/test dir.
 
 
 
If you are on 64-bit and you do not do the MODEL=64, you will get this error:
 
 
 
<syntaxhighlight lang=dos>
 
Running runnable tests
 
... runnable/A16.d                (-inline -release -gc -O -fPIC)
 
Test failed.  The logged output:
 
../src/dmd -m32 -Irunnable  -odtest_results/runnable -oftest_results/runnable/A16_0 runnable/A16.d runnable/imports/A16a.d
 
/usr/bin/ld: cannot find -lphobos2
 
collect2: ld returned 1 exit status
 
--- errorlevel 1
 
 
 
 
 
==============================
 
Test failed: expected rc == 0, exited with rc == 1
 
</syntaxhighlight>
 

Latest revision as of 12:50, 5 May 2019