LDC

Compilers: Overview — DMD — GDC — LDC ✎

The LDC project aims to provide a portable D programming language compiler with modern optimization and code generation capabilities. The compiler uses the official DMD frontend to support the latest D2 version and relies on the LLVM Core libraries for code generation.

LDC is fully Open Source; the parts of the code not taken/adapted from other projects are BSD-licensed (see the LICENSE file for details).

D1 is no longer supported in the current development tree; the last version supporting it can be found at the d1 Git branch.

Getting started

• Download an official release or the latest CI build, incl. prebuilt binaries for Linux/OSX/Windows.
• Building LDC from source
• Building and hacking LDC on Windows using MSVC
• Building LDC on MinGW x86 (outdated)
• Installing LDC on FreeBSD
• Installing LDC on Gentoo - Official Dlang Gentoo overlay
• Installing LDC on GNU Guix
• Using LDC (LDC-specific language changes — LDC inline assembly expressions — LDC inline IR)
• Cross-compiling with LDC
• Generating WebAssembly with LDC
• Reporting LDC issues — LDC contributor's guide

Project status

In general, LDC should work fine on most x86/x86_64 systems, including Windows, Linux, OS X 10.7+, Solaris and most BSD flavors. Code generation should work for other platforms supported by the LLVM MC codegen infrastructure (for example, ARM or PowerPC), but druntime/Phobos support is sometimes lacking.

MinGW

x86 MinGW support was almost complete at one stage, but got neglected in favor of 'native' MSVC targets on Windows. A manageable number of adaptations (mainly in druntime) would probably suffice to support it again.

OS X

• OS X version prior to 10.7 (Lion) are not supported in D2, because LLVM's thread-local storage support depends on functionality introduced in 10.7.
• homebrew users can install ldc with brew install ldc for the latest stable release or brew install ldc --devel for the latest beta / release candidate.

Android

• Cross-compilation support for 32-bit ARM was added with the 1.4 release and 64-bit ARM support with the 1.11 release: instructions on setup and building simple apps are available.
• A handful of stdlib tests fail on 64-bit ARM, AArch64. The other Android CPU architectures, x86 and x64, are supported too.

ARM

• Get a native ARM GNU/Linux compiler from the official release page.
• LDC from Git branch ltsmaster passes most tests in the test suite (no failure on ARMv7 with NEON, one failure on ARMv7 w/o NEON), similar results with the master branch too.
• LDC has successfully been used to create a minimal free-standing ARM Cortex-M binary, see Minimal semihosted ARM Cortex-M "Hello_World".
• You can use the new runtime cross-compilation tool to cross-compile also.

AArch64

• Both ltsmaster and master git branches are mostly working. Small pieces of the runtime still need to be ported, such as core.stdc.stdarg.va_arg. See tracker issue and latest CI logs for current status.
• Complete test suite can be run but still has failures, unoptimized codegen isn't currently working.

iOS (iPhone OS)

• Compiling D code for iOS is possible now, but it is experimental and not part of LDC main. The person who ported it is too busy, so it hasn't been updated in a couple years. Help is welcome.
• Full druntime/phobos support
• Supports 32/64-bit ARM devices and iOS Simulator
• See https://github.com/smolt/ldc-iphone-dev. The README.md explains what is available and what is missing.
• Releases available: https://github.com/smolt/ldc-iphone-dev/releases

PowerPC 32-bit

• Requires at least LLVM 3.4 because of PR16556
• TLS support only for LocalExec model, see PR16555
• Code generation is known to work.
• There are no compile issues in druntime and phobos.
• Linux/PPC32 specific implementations are missing: core.cpuid, std.internal.math.bigintppc32, ...
• More testing is needed.
• Contact: kai@redstar.de

PowerPC 64-bit Big Endian and Little Endian

• PPC64 Big Endian requires at least LLVM 3.4. PPC64 Little Endian requires at least LLVM 3.5. Both are affected by PR21443.
• Only Linux because LLVM does not cleanly compile on AIX.
• Code generation is known to work.
• There are no compile issues in druntime and phobos.
• There are still some test failures. Most of the failures are related to math precision (e.g. unit test expects 80bit reals)
• See issue #1313 for test failures on PPC64 Little Endian
• Linux/PPC64 specific implementations are missing: core.cpuid, std.internal.math.bigintppc64, ...
• Multi-lib build is possible on Linux/PPC64 Big Endian.
• More testing is needed.
• Contact: kai@redstar.de

MIPS64

• Requires at least LLVM 3.6, LLVM 3.7 preferred.
• LDC and druntime compile cleanly but there are some issues in phobos with std.math.
• There seems to be an issue with ld and the integrated assembler: ld segfaults with binaries generated by ldc.
• Known failures with LLVM 3.7: std.math (SROA assert, optimization only), std.bitmanip (assert in SelectionDAG), ...
• Current target is N32/N64 ABI.
• Contact: kai@redstar.de

Contributing

LDC is an entirely community-driven effort, so all contributions are warmly welcomed. The easiest way to help with development is to write high-quality bug reports for any issues you run into. For a quick guide on what a useful report should contain, please see Reporting LDC issues.

If you are interested in getting into compiler development, anecdotal evidence suggests that hacking on LDC might be a nice first step, particularly because the LLVM backend is very comfortable to work with. To get started, just browse through the issue list, find a ticket that tickles your fancy (some of them are specifically marked as "junior jobs"), and work on a fix – and of course don't hesitate to ask for advice at the mailing list or on IRC. An LDC contributor's guide is in the works. Have a look at LDC project ideas for a list of features/improvements to add to LDC.

We would also be excited to see LDC packages in more OS distributions, particular Debian and its derivatives. So, if you think you might be able to help, please just drop us a line at the development mailing list. We will actively try to make packaging as smooth as possible, but besides the fact that upstream-maintained packages are sometimes discouraged, it is hard to build good packages for a system you don't know well, so we need to rely on external contributors here.

Presentations

LDC is an active project and the team promotes the use of D and LDC.

• David's talk about LDC at DConf 2013: Slides Video HD Video SD
• Kai's talk about LDC in the LLVM devroom at FOSDEM'14: Slides (PPTX) Slides (PDF) Video
• Kai's talk about the LLVM assembler in the LLVM toolchain devroom at FOSDEM'15: Slides Video
• David's talk about DRuntime at DConf 2015: Slides Video HD Video SD

Useful Links

• Issue tracker (GitHub)
• Source code (GitHub)
• LDC discussion forum (also available via NNTP and a mailing list interface, see the forum index)
• LDC IRC channel (#ldc on Freenode)