Difference between revisions of "DIP61"

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{| class="wikitable"
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
!Title:
 
!Title:
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!'''Add namespace scopes to support calling external C++ functions in C++ namespaces'''
+
!'''Add namespace scopes to support referencing external C++ symbols in C++ namespaces'''
 
|-
 
|-
 
|DIP:
 
|DIP:
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|-
 
|-
 
|Status:
 
|Status:
−
|Draft
+
|Implemented
 
|-
 
|-
 
|Created:
 
|Created:
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|-
 
|-
 
|Links:
 
|Links:
−
|[[DIP61/Archive]] — [http://www.digitalmars.com/d/archives/digitalmars/D/Specifying_C++_symbols_in_C++_namespaces NG discussion that triggered the DIP]
+
|[[DIP61/Archive]]
−
— [http://www.digitalmars.com/d/archives/digitalmars/D/DIP61.html NG announcement and discussion]
+
— [http://forum.dlang.org/post/lhi1lt$269h$1@digitalmars.com NG discussion that triggered the DIP]
 +
— [http://forum.dlang.org/post/ljfue4$11dk$1@digitalmars.com NG announcement and discussion]
 +
— [http://forum.dlang.org/post/ljjnaa$187r$1@digitalmars.com more NG discussion]
 +
- [https://github.com/D-Programming-Language/dmd/pull/3517 Pull Request]
 
|}
 
|}
  
 
== Abstract ==
 
== Abstract ==
−
Add support for namespaces.
+
Add ability to reference from D C++ symbols that are in C++ namespaces.
  
 
== Rationale ==
 
== Rationale ==
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== Description ==
 
== Description ==
 
A namespace scope creates a scope with a name, and inside that scope all declarations become part of the
 
A namespace scope creates a scope with a name, and inside that scope all declarations become part of the
−
namespace scope.
+
namespace scope. This involves the addition of a small amount of new grammar.
 +
Compiler changes are expected to be minor. The change is additive and should not impact any existing code.
 +
 
 +
The namespace is identified by an identifier following the C++ in extern(C++). Nested namespaces can be
 +
specified using . to separate them.
  
 
== Usage ==
 
== Usage ==
  
 
<syntaxhighlight lang="d">
 
<syntaxhighlight lang="d">
−
namespace MyNamespace { int foo(); }
+
extern (C++, MyNamespace) { int foo(); }
 +
</syntaxhighlight>
 +
 
 +
creates a namespace named "MyNamespace". As is currently the case,
 +
 
 +
<syntaxhighlight lang="d">
 +
extern (C++) { int foo(); }
 +
</syntaxhighlight>
 +
 
 +
does not create a namespace.
 +
 
 +
The following declarations are all equivalent:
 +
 
 +
<syntaxhighlight lang="d">
 +
extern (C++) { extern (C++, N) { extern (C++, M) { int foo(); }}}
 +
extern (C++, N.M) { int foo(); }
 +
extern (C++, N) { extern (C++) { extern (C++, M) { int foo(); }}}
 
</syntaxhighlight>
 
</syntaxhighlight>
  
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<syntaxhighlight lang="d">
 
<syntaxhighlight lang="d">
−
namespace N { int foo(); int bar(); }
+
extern (C++, N) { int foo(); int bar(); }
−
namespace M { long foo(); }
+
extern (C++, M) { long foo(); }
  
 
bar(); // ok
 
bar(); // ok
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Unlike C++, namespaces in D will be 'closed' meaning that new declarations cannot be inserted into a namespace after the closing }. C++ Argument Dependent Lookup (aka "Koenig Lookup") will not be supported.
 
Unlike C++, namespaces in D will be 'closed' meaning that new declarations cannot be inserted into a namespace after the closing }. C++ Argument Dependent Lookup (aka "Koenig Lookup") will not be supported.
  
 +
== Grammar Change ==
 +
<i>LinkageAttribute</i>:
 +
    <b>extern</b> <b>(</b> <i>identifier</i> <b>)</b>
 +
    <b>extern</b> <b>(</b> <i>identifier</i> <b>++</b> <b>)</b>
 +
    <b>extern</b> <b>(</b> <i>identifier</i> <b>++</b> <b>,</b> <i>identifier</i> ( <b>.</b> <i>identifier</i> )* <b>)</b>
 
== Copyright ==
 
== Copyright ==
 
This document has been placed in the Public Domain.
 
This document has been placed in the Public Domain.
  
 
[[Category: DIP]]
 
[[Category: DIP]]

Latest revision as of 06:07, 17 July 2014

Title: Add namespace scopes to support referencing external C++ symbols in C++ namespaces
DIP: 61
Version: 1
Status: Implemented
Created: 2014-04-26
Last Modified: 2014-04-26
Author: Walter Bright
Links: DIP61/Archive

— NG discussion that triggered the DIP — NG announcement and discussion — more NG discussion - Pull Request

Abstract

Add ability to reference from D C++ symbols that are in C++ namespaces.

Rationale

Best practices in C++ code increasingly means putting functions and declarations in namespaces. Currently, there is no support in D to call C++ functions in namespaces. The primary issue is that the name mangling doesn't match. Need a simple and straightforward method of indicating namespaces.

Description

A namespace scope creates a scope with a name, and inside that scope all declarations become part of the namespace scope. This involves the addition of a small amount of new grammar. Compiler changes are expected to be minor. The change is additive and should not impact any existing code.

The namespace is identified by an identifier following the C++ in extern(C++). Nested namespaces can be specified using . to separate them.

Usage

extern (C++, MyNamespace) { int foo(); }

creates a namespace named "MyNamespace". As is currently the case, 

extern (C++) { int foo(); }

does not create a namespace.

The following declarations are all equivalent: 

extern (C++) { extern (C++, N) { extern (C++, M) { int foo(); }}}
extern (C++, N.M) { int foo(); }
extern (C++, N) { extern (C++) { extern (C++, M) { int foo(); }}}

Namespaces can be nested. Declarations in the namespace can be accessed without qualification in the enclosing scope if there is no ambiguity. Ambiguity issues can be resolved by adding the namespace qualifier: 

extern (C++, N) { int foo(); int bar(); }
extern (C++, M) { long foo(); }

bar(); // ok
foo(); // error, ambiguous
N.foo(); // ok
N.bar(); // ok

Name lookup rules are the same as for mixin templates.

Unlike C++, namespaces in D will be 'closed' meaning that new declarations cannot be inserted into a namespace after the closing }. C++ Argument Dependent Lookup (aka "Koenig Lookup") will not be supported.

Grammar Change

LinkageAttribute:
    extern ( identifier )
    extern ( identifier ++ )
    extern ( identifier ++ , identifier ( . identifier )* )

Copyright

This document has been placed in the Public Domain.

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